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Classical electromagnetism
Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model. The theory provides an excellent description of electromagnetic phenomena whenever the relevant length scales and field strengths are large enough that quantum mechanical effects are negligible. For small distances and low field strengths, such interactions are better described by quantum electrodynamics.
Fundamental physical aspects of classical electrodynamics are presented in many texts, such as those by Feynman, Leighton and Sands,〔Feynman, R. P., R .B. Leighton, and M. Sands, 1965, ''The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol. II: the Electromagnetic Field'', Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts〕 Panofsky and Phillips,〔Panofsky, W. K., and M. Phillips, 1969, ''Classical Electricity and Magnetism'', 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts〕 and Jackson.
== History ==
(詳細はoptics centuries before light was understood to be an electromagnetic wave. However, the theory of electromagnetism, as it is currently understood, grew out of Michael Faraday's experiments suggesting an electromagnetic field and James Clerk Maxwell's use of differential equations to describe it in his Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (1873). For a detailed historical account, consult Pauli,〔Pauli, W., 1958, ''Theory of Relativity'', Pergamon, London〕 Whittaker,〔Whittaker, E. T., 1960, ''History of the Theories of the Aether and Electricity'', Harper Torchbooks, New York.〕 Pais,〔Pais, A., 1983, ''»Subtle is the Lord...«; the Science and Life of Albert Einstein'', Oxford University Press, Oxford〕 and Hunt.〔Bruce J. Hunt (1991) The Maxwellians〕
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